발톱무좀은 곰팡이균으로 나쁘다.

<mark>발톱무좀은 곰팡이균에 의해 발톱에 발생하는 감염성 질환으로, 피부에 심각한 영향을 미치고 발톱의 형태 변화를 초래합니다.</mark> 치료법은 간단한 방법부터 전문적인 치료까지 다양하며, 발톱무좀이 가장 흔히 발생하는 부위는 발가락 끝이나 사이입니다.

 발톱무좀이란 ?

발톱무좀은 곰팡이균이 발톱 표면 또는 내부로 침투하여 발톱에 발생하는 질환으로, 조갑진균증 또는 손발톱진균증으로도 불립니다 [2] [3] . 주로 피부사상균에 의해 야기되는데, 피부사상균은 각질층과 발톱 내부의 케라틴을 영양분으로 삼아 발톱을 손상시킵니다 [9] . 발톱무좀은 호전되지 않으면 발톱의 형태 변화와 변색을 유발하며, 전염성이 매우 강해 수영장, 공중목욕탕 등에서 쉽게 전파될 수 있습니다 [4] [10] . 

 발톱무좀이 피부와 발톱에 미치는 영향

발톱무좀은 발톱에 두꺼워지는 과각화증을 야기하며, 발톱 색이 노란색, 갈색, 또는 하얀색으로 변색되고 표면이 갈라지거나 부서질 수 있습니다 [8] [11] . 또한, 발톱이 고르지 않게 자라거나 심한 경우 빠지는 모습도 관찰됩니다 [18] . 발톱 표면이 매우 거칠어지며 통증이나 냄새를 동반하기도 하고, 발에 다한증 등 추가적인 문제를 초래할 수 있습니다 [16] [18] . 

 발톱무좀과 발생 부위

발톱무좀은 손발톱질환 중 가장 흔하며, 손톱보다 발톱에서 4~10배 자주 발생합니다 [14] . 특히, 손발톱 끝 부위의 과각화를 동반하거나 백색으로 변화하는 백색형, 발톱 근위부를 침범하는 근위형 등이 드물게 나타날 수 있습니다 [14] . 발톱무좀은 발의 구조적 특성상 통풍이 잘되지 않는 발가락 사이에서 주로 발생하며, 특히 네 번째와 다섯 번째 발가락 사이에서 흔히 관찰됩니다 [23] [28] . 

 발톱무좀의 간단한 치료법

경미한 발톱무좀은 국소적 치료가 효과적입니다 [27] . 아래는 간단한 치료법입니다:

- **항진균제 연고 도포**: 초기 단계에서 곰팡이를 제거하기 위해 항진균제 연고를 발톱에 바르는 방법으로, 1~2회 도포가 일반적입니다 [10] .
- **생활습관 개선**: 발을 깨끗하게 씻고 건조하게 유지하며, 신발은 통풍이 잘되고 편안한 것을 선택합니다 [10] [18] . 수영장이나 공중목욕탕 등 다중시설에서는 개인용 품을 사용하는 것이 중요합니다 [18] .
- **예방적 사용**: 무좀약 분말을 이용해 양말이나 신발에 남아 있는 곰팡이를 제거합니다 [10] .

 발톱무좀의 전문적인 치료법

중증 발톱무좀과 지속적인 재발 방지를 위해 전문적인 치료법이 필요합니다 [14] :

1. **경구 항진균제 복용**: 이트라코나졸, 테르비나핀과 같은 항진균제가 가장 많이 사용되며, 감염의 정도에 따라 2~3개월간 복용이 필요합니다. 경구 약물 치료는 발톱 내부까지 침투하여 진균을 제거하는 가장 효과적인 방법으로 알려져 있습니다 [14] [27] .
 
2. **국소 항진균제 도포**: 최근 에피코나졸 성분의 '주블리아' 같은 전문 의약품은 안전성과 치료 효과를 겸비하여 추천되고 있습니다 [29] . 이는 간 및 신장에 부담을 주지 않으면서 경구 약물과 비슷한 치료율을 제공합니다.

3. **레이저 치료**: 발톱 표면에 레이저를 쏘아 곰팡이를 사멸시키는 기술로, 열을 이용하여 진균을 제거합니다. 부작용이 적고 임산부도 사용할 수 있는 안전한 방식이지만, 비용이 비교적 높은 편입니다 [18] [30] .

4. **복합 치료**: 레이저, 경구 항진균제, 국소 항진균제를 병행하여 치료 효과를 강화하고 기간을 단축할 수 있습니다. 이는 만성 환자에게 주로 권장됩니다 [30] .

5. **손발톱 제거 수술**: 발톱 변형이나 중증 무좀 환자에게 선택될 수 있는 방법으로, 치료 효과를 높이나 재발 가능성도 존재합니다 [30] .

 발톱무좀 치료의 주의사항

발톱무좀은 초기 치료가 중요하며, 의사를 통해 정확한 진단을 받는 것이 필수적입니다 [29] . 특히, 간 손상이 우려되는 경구제의 경우, 주기적인 간 기능 검사가 필요합니다 [18] . 치료 후에도 비활성 곰팡이 제거를 위해 국소 항진균제를 지속적으로 사용해야 재발을 방지할 수 있습니다 [14] .

결론적으로 발톱무좀은 예방뿐만 아니라 적절한 치료와 관리가 중요하며, 다양한 치료 옵션을 통해 건강한 발톱을 유지할 수 있습니다.

출처 :
[1] https://www.cococlinic.kr/blog/tinea
[2] https://blog.naver.com/thkim0511/221602154844?viewType=pc
[3] https://www.leshine.co.kr/footcare/foot-laser
[4] https://www.amc.seoul.kr/asan/healthinfo/disease/diseaseDetail.do?contentId=31677
[5] http://m.yakup.com/news/index.html?mode=view&nid=186179
[6] https://my-doctor.io/healthLab/info/272/%EB%AC%B4%EC%A2%80%EC%9D%98-%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B8-%EC%A2%85%EB%A5%98-%EC%B9%98%EB%A3%8C%EB%B2%95
[7] https://www.snubh.org/service/info/com/view.do?BNO=464&Board_ID=B005&RNUM=1&sk=ALL&sv=%EB%AC%B4%EC%A2%80
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[9] https://blog.naver.com/kahp_blog/221331400685?viewType=pc
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[11] https://www.cnpskin.com/m/cnp/community/column.html?bmain=view&uid=10838
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[13] https://www.khidi.or.kr/board/view?pageNum=12&rowCnt=20&no1=1212&linkId=218153&menuId=MENU01525&maxIndex=00002216349998&minIndex=00002092959998&schType=0&schText=&schStartDate=&schEndDate=&boardStyle=&categoryId=&continent=&country=
[14] https://www.snubh.org/service/info/com/view.do?sk=ALL&sv=%EB%AC%B4%EC%A2%80&BNO=464&Board_ID=B005&RNUM=1
[15] https://www.amc.seoul.kr/asan/healthinfo/disease/diseaseDetail.do?contentId=31678
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[24] https://gsph.yonsei.ac.kr/health/encyclopedia/disease/body_board.do?mode=view&articleNo=65694&article.offset=0&articleLimit=12
[25] https://www.canesten.co.kr/ko/skin-and-foot-health/learning-zone/what-is-fungal-nail-infection
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[27] https://www.jesushospital.com/post/3419
[28] https://www.womansense.co.kr/woman/article/51684
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