손톱무좀은 곰팡이 균에 의한 감염이다.

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<mark>손톱무좀은 곰팡이 균에 의한 감염으로 손톱과 발톱에 발생하는 질환으로, 육체적·미용적 문제를 야기합니다.</mark> 아래에서는 손톱무좀의 정의, 피부에 미치는 영향과 변화, 주요 발생 부위, 치료법에 대해 정리했습니다.

손톱무좀의 정의
손톱무좀은 피부사상균, 칸디다균, 혹은 기타 곰팡이균이 손발톱과 손발톱 바닥에 침입해 발생하는 감염 질환으로, 손발톱질환의 약 40~60%를 차지합니다. 전염성이 매우 강하며 치료가 어렵고 완치까지 오랜 시간이 소요됩니다 [5] [11] . 특히 손톱보다 발톱에서 4-10배 더 흔하게 발생하는데, 이는 발에 축적되는 습기와 온도가 곰팡이균의 증식에 적합하기 때문입니다 [3] .

 피부에 미치는 영향과 변화
손톱무좀은 손발톱의 변색, 두꺼워짐, 울퉁불퉁한 형태의 변형 등을 유발합니다. 피부 각질층을 파괴하며 손발톱이 부서지거나 떨어지기도 하며, 미용적 결점 및 기능적 장애를 초래할 수 있습니다 [3] [4] . 특히 손발톱의 과각화증이나 백색, 갈색 등 변색이 나타날 수 있습니다 [10] [13] . 치료를 미루거나 방치할 경우 곰팡이균이 다른 피부 부위로 전파되어 합병증을 일으키거나 재 발의 원인이 될 수 있습니다 [14] .

 주요 발생 부위
곰팡이균은 손발톱 끝의 과각화가 많은 부위에서 자주 발생하며, 손톱보다 발톱에서 더 흔히 나타납니다 [13] . 발톱이 특히 감염 위험이 높은 이유는 맨발로 다니는 경우가 많고, 습기와 온도가 유지되기 쉬운 환경에 노출되기 때문입니다. 발가락 사이도 주로 발 무좀이 발생하며, 피부 각질층에서 증식하여 감염 부위 주변까지 퍼질 수 있습니다 [1] [17] .

손톱무좀의 간단한 치료법
경미한 손톱무좀은 바르는 항진균제를 사용하여 치료가 가능하며, 이러한 약물은 주로 손발톱의 국소 부위에 적용됩니다 [20] [23] . 최근 도입된 주블리아는 에피나코나졸 성분을 포함하고 있으며 사용 편의성이 높고 감염된 부위에 직접 흡수되어 치료 효과를 제공합니다 [20] . 바르는 약은 손상된 각질 부위를 제거하지 않고도 피부에 침투하며 간 부담이 적고 부작용 위험이 낮은 장점이 있습니다 [20] . 그러나 더 큰 치료 효과를 위해 치료 초기에 빠르고 정확한 진단 및 치료가 중요합니다 [20] .

손톱무좀의 전문적인 치료법
전문적인 치료법으로는 경구용 항진균제와 레이저 치료가 사용됩니다. 경구 항진균제는 이트라코나졸, 테르비나핀 또는 플루코나졸을 포함하며 손발톱 내부 깊이 침투 가능한 약물로 감염된 부위를 뿌리부터 제거할 수 있습니다 [19] . 경구제는 다년간 사용된 경험과 연구로 안정성이 입증되었으며, 피부사상균과 같은 원인균에 강한 효능을 발휘합니다 [19] . 레이저 치료는 열을 이용해 손톱과 손발톱 바닥의 곰팡이균을 제거하며 치료기간이 짧고 통증이 적은 장점이 있습니다 [20] [24] . 간과 혈장에 영향을 줄 수 있는 일반 항진균제의 단점을 극복할 수 있어 임신 중인 여성이나 고령의 환자에게 적합한 방법으로 평가받습니다.

 예방과 재발 방지
무좀 치료 이후 재발률은 높게 나타나므로 생활습관 개선이 중요합니다. 신발과 양말을 깨끗하게 관리하고 건조한 상태를 유지하며 공공시설 이용 시 주의하는 것이 필요합니다 [13] [17] . 특정 조건 하에서 재발 위험이 높아지기 때문에 감염 부위는 완전히 제거되고 꾸준히 국소 항진균제를 사용하여 관리하는 것이 효과적입니다 [3] .

손톱무좀은 제거 방법이 적절히 시행되면 완치 가능한 질환입니다. 하지만 치료를 방치하거나 잘못된 민간요법을 사용할 경우 증상이 악화되고 치료 기간이 길어질 수 있어, 전문의의 진단과 치료 계획이 필수적입니다 [11] [25] .

출처 :
[1] https://www.ksmm.org/tinea_pedis/faq
[2] https://www.varom.kr/skin-disease/athletes-foot
[3] https://www.snubh.org/service/info/com/view.do?BNO=464&Board_ID=B005&RNUM=1&sk=ALL&sv=%EB%AC%B4%EC%A2%80
[4] https://m.blog.naver.com/design_hospi/221630259825
[5] https://www.loceryl.co.kr/onychomycosis02.php
[6] https://www.amc.seoul.kr/asan/healthinfo/disease/diseaseDetail.do?contentId=31677
[7] https://blog.naver.com/kahp_blog/221331400685?viewType=pc
[8] https://m.blog.naver.com/eslimstar/222481086564
[9] https://my-doctor.io/healthLab/info/2415/%EC%86%90%ED%86%B1-%EB%AC%B4%EC%A2%80-%EC%A6%9D%EC%83%81-%EC%B9%98%EB%A3%8C%EB%B2%95
[10] https://m.dongascience.com/news.php?idx=26127
[11] https://mjh.or.kr/main/health/class/tinea-pedis01.do
[12] https://m.blog.naver.com/eratohy/222206071543
[13] https://www.snubh.org/service/info/com/view.do?sk=ALL&sv=%EB%AC%B4%EC%A2%80&BNO=464&Board_ID=B005&RNUM=1
[14] https://www.amc.seoul.kr/asan/healthinfo/disease/diseaseDetail.do?contentId=31678
[15] http://www.snuh.org/health/nMedInfo/nView.do?category=DIS&medid=AA000214
[16] https://sev.severance.healthcare/health/encyclopedia/disease/body_board.do?mode=view&articleNo=121593&title=%EC%86%90%EB%B0%9C%ED%86%B1+%EB%B0%B1%EC%84%A0%28%EC%86%90%EB%B0%9C%ED%86%B1+%EB%AC%B4%EC%A2%80%2C+%EC%A1%B0%EA%B0%91+%EB%B0%B1%EC%84%A0%29+%5BOnychomycosis%5D
[17] https://m.blog.naver.com/my_mirae14/222722908965
[18] https://www.cnuh.com/health/disease.cs;WEB_JSESSIONID=1DECF463EE2E4E3A7CF36A3524C48AC3?act=view&infoId=480&searchKeyword=&searchCondition=&pageIndex=11
[19] https://www.cnuhh.com/health/disease.cs;WEB_JSESSIONID=AD8EB25B33380F5ADED395C0A89CD506?act=view&infoId=478&searchKeyword=&searchCondition=&pageIndex=3
[20] https://m.blog.naver.com/ysbbskin/221707525454
[21] https://blog.naver.com/aggyu/223056767809
[22] https://www.cnuh.com/health/disease.cs?act=view&infoId=478&searchKeyword=&searchCondition=&pageIndex=12
[23] https://www.canesten.co.kr/ko/skin-and-foot-health/learning-zone/what-is-fungal-nail-infection
[24] https://remembergd.com/?mir_code=16869
[25] https://www.k-health.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=53697
[26] https://jhealthmedia.joins.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=19347
[27] https://m.health.chosun.com/svc/news_view.html?contid=2012053001397
[28] https://www.k-health.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=61140
[29] https://www.canesten.co.kr/ko/skin-and-foot-health/learning-zone/what-is-athletes-foot